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Mussolini's transformation away from Marxism into fascism began prior to World War I as Mussolini had grown increasingly pessimistic about Marxism and egalitarianism.

One of the most common criticisms of fascism is that it is a tyranny.

The defeat of the Axis powers in World War II and revelation of Holocaust crimes by Germany led to almost universal condemnation of fascism.

The regime encouraged international distribution to glorify its African empire and oppose the accusation that Italy was backward.

The regime promoted Italian opera and theatre making sure political enemies did not have a voice on stage.

The goal was to stimulate the Aryanization of German culture and prohibit postmodern trends such as surrealism and cubism.

Some critics of Italian fascism have said that much of the ideology was merely a by-product of unprincipled opportunism by Mussolini.

Anti-fascist movements closely contested fascist parties from the political center and left wing throughout the Interwar period.

Fascism has been criticized for being ideologically dishonest

Mussolini spoke fondly of the ramifications of an impending war in Europe in challenging religion and nihilism

Fascism emphasizes palingenesis national rebirth or re-creation and modernism

They considered homosexuality curable through therapy citing modern scientism and study of sexology

Nazis said homosexuality was degenerate effeminate perverted and undermined masculinity because it did not produce children

Unemployment rate was cut substantially through arms production and sending women home so men could take jobs

Enforcement of laws opposed to such practices was erratic authorities often looked the other way

Nazis encouraged women to stay home to bear children and keep house

Its choreography alternates between ceaseless motion and congealed static virile posing

Fascism aestheticized modern technology and its association with speed power and violence

Nazi propaganda sometimes promoted premarital extramarital sexual relations unwed motherhood divorce but at other times Nazis opposed such behavior

Fascist aesthetics flow from and justify preoccupation with situations of control submissive behavior extravagant effort and endurance of pain they endorse two seemingly opposite states egomania and servitude