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Cassiopeia jellyfish are armed with toxin-filled harpoons that are fired when the jellyfish is stressed.

Benedikt Pleyer is a freelance microbe researcher based in Kyoto, Japan.

The word 'Penicillium' is Latin for 'little brush'.

Benedikt Pleyer spent years developing a technique of pipetting microbes into a droplet suspended by a string.

A time-lapse video shows a Penicillium species forming a mycelium network that produces red droplets containing antibiotics.

Jellyfish larvae, also known as 'sea lice', are not related to lice and are no larger than a grain of pepper.

Wim van Egmond began making time-lapse videos more than 12 years ago while working at the Micropia Museum in Amsterdam.

Ning Xu won first place in the Nikon Small World in Motion competition for a video showing the cilia of a child with primary ciliary dyskinesia.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia affects an estimated one in 7,500 people worldwide.

Nguyen Nam Nhat studies the reproductive behaviors of microbes in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Nguyen Nam Nhat found that a typical defensive mechanism for roundworms is to immobilize competing organisms.

The failure of cilia in primary ciliary dyskinesia can result in lifelong respiratory infections like bronchitis and pneumonia.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a respiratory disorder that causes cilia to become weak and uncoordinated.

Ning Xu is an optical engineer at the National University of Singapore.

The Nikon Small World competition began in 1975 and initially only accepted photography.

Cilia in airways are tiny, hairlike structures that beat in coordinated waves to sweep away mucus.

The 2026 Nikon Small World in Motion competition judging panel included scientists, designers, and directors of scientific institutions.

A separate contest for moving images was added to the Nikon Small World competition in 2011.

Leon Black has repeatedly stated he was unaware of Jeffrey Epstein's sexual abuse.

Leon Black's lawyers filed an ethics complaint against Rep. James R. Comer.