Politics

This National Socialism was a form of state socialism that rejected the idea of boundless freedom and promoted an economy that would serve the whole of Germany under the leadership of the state

The October Revolution of 1917 in which Bolshevik communists led by Vladimir Lenin seized power in Russia greatly influenced the development of fascism

In 1919 Mussolini consolidated control over the fascist movement known as Sansepolcrismo with the founding of the Italian Fasces of Combat

Italian political left became split over war at outbreak of World War I in August 1914

The first meeting of the Fasces of Revolutionary Action was held on 24 January 1915

He believed the Spirit of 1914 manifested itself in the concept of the People's League of National Socialism

Futurism influenced fascism in its emphasis on violent action and war

Marinetti rejected conventional democracy for new form promoting his Futurist Conception of Democracy

ANI claimed liberal democracy no longer compatible with modern world advocating strong state and imperialism

Italian national syndicalists held common principles rejecting bourgeois values democracy liberalism Marxism internationalism pacifism promoting heroism vitalism violence

Maurras stated socialism liberated from democratic element fits nationalism well

Sorel abandoned socialist literature by 1910

Sorel claimed socialism is dead because of decomposition of Marxism in 1914

ANI had ties and influence among conservatives Catholics and business community

Georges Sorel promoted legitimacy of political violence in Reflections on Violence advocating radical syndicalist action to overthrow capitalism

Sorel denounced democracy as reactionary in The Illusions of Progress

Corradini spoke of need for nationalist-syndicalist movement led by elitist aristocrats and anti-democrats

Georges Valois claimed the roots of fascism stemmed from the late 18th century Jacobin movement seeing in its totalitarian nature a foreshadowing of the fascist state

Zeev Sternhell has traced the ideological roots of fascism back to the 1880s and in particular to the fin de siècle theme of that time

They regarded civilization as being in crisis and as requiring a massive and total solution