Politics

Beginning in 1922 fascist paramilitaries escalated strategy from attacking socialist offices to violent occupation of cities

Fascists identified primary opponents as majority of socialists on left who opposed World War I intervention

Fascists banned literature on birth control increased penalties for abortion in 1926 declaring both crimes against state

Mussolini and fascists took advantage of situation by allying with industrial businesses and attacking workers and peasants

D'Annunzio and De Ambris designed Charter advocating national-syndicalist corporatist productionism

Italians claimed Fiume disregarding 50.4% Yugoslav population

The Fascist Manifesto was presented on 6 June 1919 in the fascist newspaper Il Popolo d'Italia and supported the creation of universal suffrage including women's suffrage proportional representation on a regional basis government representation through a corporatist system of National Councils of experts and abolition of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy

British historian Cyprian Blamires argues there are similarities between fascism and Bolshevism including they believed in the necessity of a vanguard leadership showed contempt for bourgeois values and had totalitarian ambitions

After World War I fascists commonly campaigned on anti-Marxist agendas

Plenge believed racial solidarity would replace class division and racial comrades would unite to create a socialist society in the struggle of proletarian Germany against capitalist Britain

German sociologist Johann Plenge spoke of the rise of National Socialism in Germany within the ideas of 1914 that were a declaration of war against the ideas of 1789

Mussolini declared it necessary for Europe to resolve national problems including national borders of Italy and elsewhere for ideals of justice and liberty

Term fascism was first used in 1915 by members of Mussolini's movement Fasces of Revolutionary Action

Benito Mussolini joined interventionist cause in separate fascio after being expelled from Avanti! for anti-German stance

Angelo Oliviero Olivetti formed pro-interventionist fascio called Revolutionary Fasces of International Action in October 1914

Many fascists saw Charter of Carnaro as ideal constitution for fascist Italy

In practice both have commonly emphasized revolutionary action proletarian nation theories one-party states and party-armies

Fascists viewed World War I as bringing revolutionary changes in the nature of war society state and technology as the advent of total war and mass mobilization had broken down the distinction between civilian and combatant

Italian Socialist Party opposed war but syndicalists supported war against Germany and Austria-Hungary

Attempts to hold mass meetings were ineffective and the organization was regularly harassed by government authorities and socialists